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ID	Nickname	Country / City	Comment	Project / Group
137056	matricola 13829	Spagna Córdoba	Teoria e tecnica della traduzione: matricola 13829
137057	matricola 13829	Spagna Málaga	Teoria e tecnica della traduzione: matricola 13829
137059	matricola 13829	Spagna Málaga	Teoria e tecnica della traduzione: matricola 13829
135936	Laura_Pizarro_Jacinto	Spain Cáceres	—	PALRA
28928		Spain Salamanca	Spanish menu with English and French translation #adv
46336		Spain Barcelona	Aufsteller (Eingangsschild)
135937	Laura_Pizarro_Jacinto	Spain Cáceres	Spanish Nuevo : new Nueva receta : new recipe Hecho con fruta : made with fruit Con zumo de frutas : with fruit juice Descubre más : discover more English Brand names and product names: Magnum, Cornetto, Sandwich, Snickers, Mars, Solero, Choc’n’Ball, Cookies, XXL, Go!. Symbolic use: English words are not for explanation but for branding, prestige, and international recognition. Italian Cornetto : means “little horn” in Italian, but here functions as a global brand name. Nocciola : hazelnut, used in “Double Nocciola” to evoke authenticity. Other borrowed words Filipinos : Spanish brand name, but in English it means “people from the Philippines”. In Spain, it refers to a chocolate-covered biscuit brand.	PALRA
136193	Laura_Pizarro_Jacinto	Spain Cáceres	The tower is part of the Casa de los Sande, a noble family residence in Cáceres. Built in the 15th century, it originally rose higher than it does today. It is both an architectural landmark and a linguistic one: its very name encodes a history of political power, control, and memory, and it remains a cultural marker in Cáceres’ urban landscape. Name: Torre Desmochada literally means “beheaded” or “cut down,” referring to its truncated top. The tower was shortened (desmochada) as a consequence of royal orders. After periods of civil strife in medieval Spain, the Catholic Monarchs (Isabel and Fernando) and earlier monarchs sought to limit the power of noble families. They ordered many towers in Cáceres to be “desmochadas” (cut down), so that the nobility could not use them as fortresses or symbols of excessive power. The Torre de Sande is one of the clearest surviving examples of this architectural practice. Built in ashlar masonry, square-plan, with battlements (now reduced). Ivy and vegetation covering parts of the tower add to its iconic image in Cáceres. Declared part of the UNESCO World Heritage ensemble of Cáceres’ Old Town (Ciudad Monumental). Symbol of Cáceres’ historical identity: many local legends and tourist narratives highlight its “beheading” as a punishment against rebellious lords.	PALRA
136449	Laura_Pizarro_Jacinto	Spain San Martín de Trevejo	PALRA \| Documenting Living Languages in Western Iberia SM \| San Martín de Trevejo Corpus ID : 142 -136449 Semiotic Resources (TS) / Composition (LL) : symbol+ text (municipal crest) Translational Agency (TS) / Directedness (LL) : top-down (municipal authority) Discursive Framing (TS) / Discourse (LL) : infraestructural+informatory+regulatory (street naming, orientation) Translation Strategy (TS) / Distribution (LL) : duplicating (A Fala ↔ Spanish) Visibility / Linguistic Hierarchy (TS) / Dominance (LL) : positioning (A Fala on top, Spanish below, same typeface and size) Mobility (TS) / Dynamics (LL) : fixed (fixed plaque) Sign Type (TS) / Form (LL) : street sign Textual Integrity (TS) / Integrity (LL) : complete (legible and intact) Intertextuality (TS) / Layering (LL) : linguistic Multilingualism (TS) / Linguality (LL) : bilingual (A Fala + Spanish) Material (TS) / Material (LL) : metal Inscription (TS) / Mode (LL) : enamelled lettering Agents (TS) / Name (LL) : authority (municipal council) Placement (TS) / Placement (LL) : wall (mounted on building façade) Size (TS) / Size (LL) : A·-1m (small plaque) Status (TS) / Status (LL) : authorised (official signage) Paratext (TS) / Supplement (LL) : municipal crest (coat of arms) Temporality (TS) / Temporality (LL) : permanent Language Constellation (TS) / Languages (LL) : FAX (A Fala) + SPA (Spanish) Intersemiotic Elements (TS) / Non-Linguistic Semiotics (LL) : municipal crest Translation Mode (TS) / Translation Mode (LL) : interlingual (A Fala ↔ Spanish) Translational Silencing (TS) / Absence Marker (LL) : Yes (Extremaduran absent) Notes : This street sign illustrates municipal recognition of A Fala, with its placement above Spanish, reversing the usual hierarchy seen elsewhere. The inclusion of the municipal crest emphasises institutional authority, while the bilingual layout foregrounds the local language as primary in this context.	PALRA
28929		Spain Salamanca	Spanish menu with English translation #adv
46337		Spain Barcelona	Bar (Establishment)
129025		Spain Zamora	—
68610		Spain Sevilla	—
135938	Laura_Pizarro_Jacinto	Spain Cáceres	Languages: Spanish "Fundación, 1º A, Fernando Valhondo Calaff": Spanish communicates local identity and honors a cultural figure. Abbreviation "AT" likely for Apartamento Turístico: "AT" works as an official tourism code.	PALRA
136194	Laura_Pizarro_Jacinto	Spain Cáceres	—	PALRA
136450	Laura_Pizarro_Jacinto	Spain San Martín de Trevejo	PALRA \| Documenting Living Languages in Western Iberia SM \| San Martín de Trevejo Corpus ID : 143 -136450	PALRA
28930		Spain Salamanca	Spanish menu with English translation #adv
135939	Laura_Pizarro_Jacinto	Spain Cáceres	A wooden door panel with ornamental carving. Central circular floral/rosette motif, surrounded by bead-like decorations. Four corner leaf/foliate designs (acanthus-style leaves, common in classical/renaissance decoration). A keyhole beneath the central rosette, suggesting this is part of an old, possibly historical door.	PALRA
136195	Laura_Pizarro_Jacinto	Spain Cáceres	—	PALRA
136451	Laura_Pizarro_Jacinto	Spain San Martín de Trevejo	PALRA \| Documenting Living Languages in Western Iberia SM \| San Martín de Trevejo Corpus ID : 144 -136451	PALRA