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Pin 135765 Laura_Pizarro_Jacinto Spain San Martín de Trevejo
Fala (Fala)
recognized artistic commemorative operative bottom-up cultural historic complementary paint positioning sprayed mural typeface fixed monolingual permanent 1m² – 4m² complete image-text wall artist
PALRA | Documenting Living Languages in Western Iberia SM | San Martín de Trevejo Corpus ID : 024 - 155765 PALRA
Pin 135764 Laura_Pizarro_Jacinto Spain San Martín de Trevejo
Fala (Fala)
recognized artistic commemorative operative bottom-up cultural historic complementary paint positioning sprayed mural typeface fixed monolingual permanent 1m² – 4m² image-text partially removed wall artist
PALRA | Documenting Living Languages in Western Iberia SM | San Martín de Trevejo Corpus ID : 023 - 155764 PALRA
Pin 135763 Laura_Pizarro_Jacinto Spain San Martín de Trevejo
Fala (Fala)
recognized artistic commemorative operative bottom-up cultural historic complementary paint positioning sprayed mural typeface fixed permanent monolingual 1m² – 4m² complete image-text wall artist
PALRA | Documenting Living Languages in Western Iberia SM | San Martín de Trevejo Corpus ID : 022 - 155763 PALRA
Pin 135762 Laura_Pizarro_Jacinto Spain San Martín de Trevejo
Fala (Fala)
authorized commercial operative bottom-up cultural mixing color positioning size printed graffiti plastic information sign typeface fixed monolingual permanent A3 – 1m² complete image-text roof wall business hospitality
PALRA | Documenting Living Languages in Western Iberia SM | San Martín de Trevejo Corpus ID : 021 - 155762 PALRA
Pin 135761 Laura_Pizarro_Jacinto Spain San Martín de Trevejo
Español (Spanish)
authorized informatory infrastructural operative top-down cultural complementary metal color positioning size printed wood information sign fixed monolingual permanent A3 – 1m² image-symbol-text complete wall authority institution
PALRA | Documenting Living Languages in Western Iberia SM | San Martín de Trevejo Corpus ID : 020 - 155761 PALRA
Pin 135760 Laura_Pizarro_Jacinto Spain San Martín de Trevejo
Fala (Fala) Español (Spanish)
authorized informatory infrastructural operative regulatory top-down linguistic duplicating metal positioning enameled street sign fixed permanent bilingual A3 – 1m² complete symbol-text wall authority
PALRA | Documenting Living Languages in Western Iberia SM | San Martín de Trevejo Corpus ID : 019 - 155760 Semiotic Resources (TS) / Composition (LL) : symbol+ text (municipal crest) Translational Agency (TS) / Directedness (LL) : top-down (municipal authority) Discursive Framing (TS) / Discourse (LL) : infraestructural+informatory+regulatory (street naming, orientation) Translation Strategy (TS) / Distribution (LL) : duplicating (A Fala ↔ Spanish) Visibility / Linguistic Hierarchy (TS) / Dominance (LL) : positioning (A Fala on top, Spanish below, same typeface and size) Mobility (TS) / Dynamics (LL) : fixed (fixed plaque) Sign Type (TS) / Form (LL) : street sign Textual Integrity (TS) / Integrity (LL) : complete (legible and intact) Intertextuality (TS) / Layering (LL) : linguistic Multilingualism (TS) / Linguality (LL) : bilingual (A Fala + Spanish) Material (TS) / Material (LL) : metal Inscription (TS) / Mode (LL) : enamelled lettering Agents (TS) / Name (LL) : authority (municipal council) Placement (TS) / Placement (LL) : wall (mounted on building façade) Size (TS) / Size (LL) : A·-1m (small plaque) Status (TS) / Status (LL) : authorised (official signage) Paratext (TS) / Supplement (LL) : municipal crest (coat of arms) Temporality (TS) / Temporality (LL) : permanent Language Constellation (TS) / Languages (LL) : FAX (A Fala) + SPA (Spanish) Intersemiotic Elements (TS) / Non-Linguistic Semiotics (LL) : municipal crest Translation Mode (TS) / Translation Mode (LL) : interlingual (A Fala ↔ Spanish) Translational Silencing (TS) / Absence Marker (LL) : Yes (Extremaduran absent) Notes : This street sign illustrates municipal recognition of A Fala, with its placement above Spanish, reversing the usual hierarchy seen elsewhere. The inclusion of the municipal crest emphasises institutional authority, while the bilingual layout foregrounds the local language as primary in this context. PALRA
Pin 135759 Laura_Pizarro_Jacinto Spain San Martín de Trevejo
English (English) Español (Spanish)
authorized informatory operative regulatory top-down linguistic metal mixing positioning size printed information sign typeface fixed permanent bilingual A3 – 1m² complete text wall authority
PALRA | Documenting Living Languages in Western Iberia SM | San Martín de Trevejo Corpus ID : 018 - 155759 Notes: STOP : English (international traffic convention, used across Europe). A 150 m. : Spanish (a 150 metros = “in 150 meters”). English for the word STOP (standardized for road signs). Spanish for the distance marker (a 150 m.). PALRA
Pin 135758 Laura_Pizarro_Jacinto Spain San Martín de Trevejo
No language
recognized private operative bottom-up religious cultural historic fabric printed mobile event-related other A3 – 1m² image-symbol complete other person religious agent
PALRA | Documenting Living Languages in Western Iberia SM | San Martín de Trevejo Corpus ID : 017 - 155758 Semiotic Resources (TS) / Composition (LL) : image+symbol (Cristo de la Cruz Bendita, crucifixion iconography) Translational Agency (TS) / Directedness (LL) : bottom-up (individual/household devotional display) Discursive Framing (TS) / Discourse (LL) : religious, private (devotional, communal identity) Translation Strategy (TS) / Distribution (LL) : not applicable (non-textual visual semiotics) Visibility / Linguistic Hierarchy (TS) / Dominance (LL) : other, image as primary signifier (no text present) Mobility (TS) / Dynamics (LL) : mobile: temporary/seasonal (hung on balcony during festival period) Sign Type (TS) / Form (LL) : object non sign(devotional banner) Textual Integrity (TS) / Integrity (LL) : complete (image intact and legible) Intertextuality (TS) / Layering (LL) : cultural+historic , intertextual reference to local religious traditions and Catholic iconography Multilingualism (TS) / Linguality (LL) : non-linguistic (visual only, no written language) Material (TS) / Material (LL) : fabric (textile banner/fabric print= Inscription (TS) / Mode (LL) : printed (photographic reproduction on cloth) Agents (TS) / Name (LL) : person+religious agent (local confraternity, parish community); private household display Placement (TS) / Placement (LL) : other (balcony/house façade) Size (TS) / Size (LL) : A3-1m² (medium banner) Status (TS) / Status (LL) : recognised (unauthorised but socially religious tradition) Paratext (TS) / Supplement (LL) : none (image itself functions as core message) Temporality (TS) / Temporality (LL) : event-related (linked to annual festival, May 3rd) Language Constellation (TS) / Languages (LL) : NOL none (visual-only, no language) Intersemiotic Elements (TS) / Non-Linguistic Semiotics (LL): imagen+symbol crucifix, red background, reference to altar setting Translation Mode (TS) / Translation Mode (LL) : intersemiotic (non-verbal sign) Translational Silencing (TS) / Absence Marker (LL) : yes (Extremaduran absent) Notes : This devotional banner is a community semiotic resource linking private domestic space with collective religious identity. Its annual appearance during the Cristo de la Cruz Bendita festival reflects ritualised temporality in the local semioscape, where religious imagery substitutes for linguistic signage in affirming identity and belonging. PALRA
Pin 135757 Laura_Pizarro_Jacinto Spain San Martín de Trevejo
Fala (Fala)
recognized commercial operative private bottom-up historic metal wood object (non-sign) plaque fixed permanent monolingual other A3 – 1m² symbol-text wall business
PALRA | Documenting Living Languages in Western Iberia SM | San Martín de Trevejo Corpus ID : 016 - 155757 Semiotic Resources (TS) / Composition (LL) : symbol+text: text (“Pichorra o Forti”) + symbol (castle icon) Translational Agency (TS) / Directedness (LL) : bottom-up (private/commercial or household signage) Discursive Framing (TS) / Discourse (LL) : place identity, local heritage, decorative Translation Strategy (TS) / Distribution (LL) : not applicable (monolingual A Fala) Visibility / Linguistic Hierarchy (TS) / Dominance (LL) : typeface (ornamental cursive metal lettering, highly visible on wood background) Mobility (TS) / Dynamics (LL) : static (affixed to building façade) Sign Type (TS) / Form (LL) : plaque/object (crafted wooden sign) Textual Integrity (TS) / Integrity (LL) : complete (intact, legible) Intertextuality (TS) / Layering (LL) : historic Multilingualism (TS) / Linguality (LL) : monolingual (A Fala) Material (TS) / Material (LL) : wood + wrought metal Inscription (TS) / Mode (LL) : other (handcrafted: carved/forged lettering attached to wooden base) Agents (TS) / Name (LL) : business (owner, artisan) Placement (TS) / Placement (LL) : wall/facade (stone building) Size (TS) / Size (LL) : A1-m3 (small/medium decorative sign) Status (TS) / Status (LL) : recognised Paratext (TS) / Supplement (LL) : castle pictogram, ornamental framing of text Temporality (TS) / Temporality (LL) : permanent/semi-permanent (handcrafted durability) Language Constellation (TS) / Languages (LL) : FAX (A Fala) Intersemiotic Elements (TS) / Non-Linguistic Semiotics (LL) : castle icon as heritage symbol Translation Mode (TS) / Translation Mode (LL) : intersemiotic Translational Silencing (TS) / Absence Marker (LL) : Yes (Extremaduran absent) Notes : This handcrafted wooden plaque exemplifies vernacular, artisanal signage in A Fala, reinforcing local identity. The use of wrought metal cursive enhances aesthetic prestige, while the castle motif symbolically connects to San Martín’s fortified past. It stands as a counterpoint to industrial signage, foregrounding individual agency and heritage aesthetics. PALRA
Pin 135756 Laura_Pizarro_Jacinto Spain San Martín de Trevejo
Español (Spanish)
recognized commercial operative bottom-up color paper printed poster typeface mobile event-related monolingual other A3 – 1m² image-text complete window business
PALRA | Documenting Living Languages in Western Iberia SM | San Martín de Trevejo Corpus ID : 015 - 155756 Semiotic Resources (TS) / Composition (LL) : image+text (photos of destinations, price highlights, logos, contact info) Translational Agency (TS) / Directedness (LL) : bottom-up (private travel agencies: Viajes Viabustravel, Viajes Coria Tours S.A.) Discursive Framing (TS) / Discourse (LL) : commercial Translation Strategy (TS) / Distribution (LL) : monolingual (monolingual Spanish, some English loanwords in travel discourse) Visibility / Linguistic Hierarchy (TS) / Dominance (LL) : typography emphasis (bold and enlarged for destinations, prices, dates), colour/contrast (though here B/W copies) Mobility (TS) / Dynamics (LL) : mobile (flyers/posters affixed to surface) Sign Type (TS) / Form (LL) : poster (touristic promotion flyers) Textual Integrity (TS) / Integrity (LL) : complete (intact, legible, though taped to surface) Intertextuality (TS) / Layering (LL) : other (two different travel ads side by side) Multilingualism (TS) / Linguality (LL) : monolingual (Spanish with toponyms “Portugal” and “Oporto”) Material (TS) / Material (LL) : paper posters Inscription (TS) / Mode (LL) : printed (commercial print) Agents (TS) / Name (LL) : business (travel agencies + local agent Chelo Lajas) Placement (TS) / Placement (LL) : window (affixed with tape to glass shutter) Size (TS) / Size (LL) : A3–1m each (medium promotional posters) Status (TS) / Status (LL) : recognised (private promotional material, non-institutional) Paratext (TS) / Supplement (LL) : contact details, agency logos, prices, dates Temporality (TS) / Temporality (LL) : event-related (linked to specific tour dates) Language Constellation (TS) / Languages (LL) : SPA (Spanish) Intersemiotic Elements (TS) / Non-Linguistic Semiotics (LL) : monolingual (photographs of destinations, logos, price tags, calendar/date highlights) Translation Mode (TS) / Translation Mode (LL) : intersemiotic - images Translational Silencing (TS) / Absence Marker (LL) : Yes (Extremaduran absent) Notes : These posters reflect grassroots commercial signage where local businesses promote external destinations (Galicia, Oporto). The design is typical of regional travel advertising: heavy text descriptions, visual reinforcement with photos, and strong emphasis on price/dates. The lack of translation contrasts with their cross-border tourism focus (Portugal), limiting accessibility for non-Spanish speakers, only through pictures. PALRA
Pin 135755 Laura_Pizarro_Jacinto Spain San Martín de Trevejo
Fala (Fala)
authorized commemorative infrastructural operative top-down historic color positioning size enameled plaque typeface fixed monolingual permanent other A4 – A3 complete symbol-text wall authority
PALRA | Documenting Living Languages in Western Iberia SM | San Martín de Trevejo Corpus ID : 014 - 155755 Semiotic Resources (TS) / Composition (LL) : symbol+text (Maltese cross) Translational Agency (TS) / Directedness (LL) : top-down (municipal/heritage authority) Discursive Framing (TS) / Discourse (LL) : infrastructure, commemorative Translation Strategy (TS) / Distribution (LL) : monolingual A Fala Visibility / Linguistic Hierarchy (TS) / Dominance (LL) :colour+ typeface+size+positioning (bold uppercase letters, high contrast black on yellow background) Mobility (TS) / Dynamics (LL) : fixed (fixed wall plaque) Sign Type (TS) / Form (LL) : plaque (ceramic heritage marker) Textual Integrity (TS) / Integrity (LL) : complete (intact and fully legible) Intertextuality (TS) / Layering (LL) : historic Multilingualism (TS) / Linguality (LL) : monolingual (A Fala, with Latin numeral “XVI”) Material (TS) / Material (LL) : other (ceramic tiles) Inscription (TS) / Mode (LL) : enamelled (hand-painted ceramic) Agents (TS) / Name (LL) : authority (heritage/municipal commission, artist signature visible) Placement (TS) / Placement (LL) : wall (mounted on stone surface) Size (TS) / Size (LL) : A4-A3 (small-medium heritage plaque) Status (TS) / Status (LL) : authorised (heritage signage) Paratext (TS) / Supplement (LL) : decorative symbol (Maltese cross), artist’s signature Temporality (TS) / Temporality (LL) : permanent Language Constellation (TS) / Languages (LL) : FAX (A Fala) + LAT (Latin numerals) Intersemiotic Elements (TS) / Non-Linguistic Semiotics (LL) : Maltese cross emblem Translation Mode (TS) / Translation Mode (LL) : monolingual /none Translational Silencing (TS) / Absence Marker (LL) : Yes (Extremaduran absent) Notes : This heritage plaque emphasises local identity through exclusive use of A Fala, a contrast to more common bilingual A Fala–Spanish signage. The Maltese cross links to historical-religious iconography, while the reference to the 16th century situates the site in a long historical continuum. This represents both linguistic affirmation and heritage branding through selective multilingual display. Additional info: The sign is written in A Fala (“Ronda da Muralla – Siglu XVI”). In Castilian Spanish, it would be: Ronda de la Muralla – Siglo XVI. PALRA
Pin 135754 Laura_Pizarro_Jacinto Spain San Martín de Trevejo
Español (Spanish)
authorized commercial informatory infrastructural operative top-down linguistic fragmentary metal mixing color positioning quantity size printed street sign fixed permanent bilingual A3 – 1m² complete symbol-text sign authority
PALRA | Documenting Living Languages in Western Iberia SM | San Martín de Trevejo Corpus ID : 013 - 155754 Semiotic Resources (TS) / Composition (LL) : symbol+text (arrows, restaurant pictogram, tourism logos) Translational Agency (TS) / Directedness (LL) : top down Discursive Framing (TS) / Discourse (LL) : infraestructural+informatory+commercial Translation Strategy (TS) / Distribution (LL) : mixing+fragmentary(Spanish dominates, “Heritage Boutique Apartamentos” uses English insertion) Visibility / Linguistic Hierarchy (TS) / Dominance (LL) : quantity+positioning+size+colour (Spanish is majority; English used for prestige; colour coding distinguishes categories; yellow = tourism/commercial, white = institutional) Mobility (TS) / Dynamics (LL) : fixed (fixed pole-mounted sign cluster) Sign Type (TS) / Form (LL) : street sign (directional panels) Textual Integrity (TS) / Integrity (LL) : complete (legible, intact, slightly weathered) Intertextuality (TS) / Layering (LL) : linguistic Multilingualism (TS) / Linguality (LL) : Bilingual (Spanish dominant, partial English; monolingual signs grouped together) Material (TS) / Material (LL) : metal panels Inscription (TS) / Mode (LL) : printed / industrial signage Agents (TS) / Name (LL) : authority (tourism board for institutional signs), business (private hospitality/restaurant) Placement (TS) / Placement (LL) : street sign (pole in central village space) Size (TS) / Size (LL) : A3 -1m² (combined stacked panels) Status (TS) / Status (LL) : authorised (municipal + official tourism signage) Paratext (TS) / Supplement (LL) : tourism/hospitality logos, pictogram (fork & knife) Temporality (TS) / Temporality (LL) : permanent (semi-permanent infrastructure, updated when businesses change) Language Constellation (TS) / Languages (LL) : SPA (Spanish) + ENG (English) Intersemiotic Elements (TS) / Non-Linguistic Semiotics (LL) : arrows, fork & knife pictogram, hospitality/tourism logos Translation Mode (TS) / Translation Mode (LL) : interlingual (not literal: Spanish-only and English-only insertions, not translated equivalents) Translational Silencing (TS) / Absence Marker (LL) : Yes (Extremaduran absent) Notes : This directional sign cluster illustrates linguistic hierarchy in the tourist economy: Spanish is default for institutional and local businesses, while English appears selectively to attract international visitors (“Heritage Boutique”). Minority languages remain excluded, underscoring prestige multilingualism (Spanish-English) rather than local multilingualism. PALRA
Pin 135753 Laura_Pizarro_Jacinto Spain San Martín de Trevejo
Español (Spanish)
recognized artistic commemorative operative private bottom-up cultural historic color paint positioning size enameled plaque typeface fixed monolingual permanent other A3 – 1m² image-symbol-text complete wall artist
PALRA | Documenting Living Languages in Western Iberia SM | San Martín de Trevejo Corpus ID : 012 - 155753 Semiotic Resources (TS) / Composition (LL) : image+symbol+text (heraldic image + text : “ALVIS – MARTIN”) Translational Agency (TS) / Directedness (LL) : bottom-up Discursive Framing (TS) / Discourse (LL) : artistic, commemorative, private (historical, symbolic, identity) Translation Strategy (TS) / Distribution (LL) : monolingual Visibility / Linguistic Hierarchy (TS) / Dominance (LL) : typeface (Latin script in central ribbon, high prominence) + colour+positioning+size Mobility (TS) / Dynamics (LL) : fixed (fixed wall display) Sign Type (TS) / Form (LL) : plaque (ceramic tile mural) Textual Integrity (TS) / Integrity (LL) : complete (intact and legible, fully preserved) Intertextuality (TS) / Layering (LL) : historical+cultural Multilingualism (TS) / Linguality (LL) : monolingual Material (TS) / Material (LL) : paint+other (ceramic tiles) Inscription (TS) / Mode (LL) : enamelled (hand-painted ceramic design) Agents (TS) / Name (LL) : artist (signed “Javier Cebles”) Placement (TS) / Placement (LL) : wall (building façade, likely public) Size (TS) / Size (LL) : 3-1m² (composed of 9 tiles) Status (TS) / Status (LL) : recognised(heritage-oriented decorative signage) Paratext (TS) / Supplement (LL) : decorative heraldic flourishes, artist’s signature Temporality (TS) / Temporality (LL) : permanent Language Constellation (TS) / Languages (LL) : SPA Intersemiotic Elements (TS) / Non-Linguistic Semiotics (LL) : coats of arms, helmet, decorative motifs Translation Mode (TS) / Translation Mode (LL) : intersemiotic Translational Silencing (TS) / Absence Marker (LL) : Yes (Extremaduran absent) Notes : This ceramic plaque functions primarily as a visual-symbolic identity marker rather than communicative signage. The heraldic imagery situates San Martín within a historical narrative of nobility and lineage. The Latinised inscription elevates prestige but simultaneously excludes vernacular languages, reflecting the symbolic rather than practical function of the text. Additional info: Coat of arms in ceramic tiles from San Martín de Trevejo (it even says SANCTI MARTIN at the bottom, in Latinized form). Left Shield (Green background with a castle and a red cross): Represents Castile, the medieval kingdom that repopulated and protected the area. The castle is a common heraldic symbol of Castile. The red cross above recalls the influence of military-religious orders (likely Santiago or Alcántara). Right Shield (Red with a lamb and wavy blue/white lines): The lamb (Agnus Dei, Lamb of God) with a cross and banner is a Christian symbol of sacrifice and redemption. The waves (blue and white stripes) likely represent the nearby rivers (Ribera de Gata and others) and the valley where the town is located. The red field highlights martyrdom, possibly tied to San Martín de Tours, the town’s patron saint. The Helmet and Decorative Mantling (blue, gold, green, red): Standard heraldic ornament, showing nobility and protection. The open helmet is used for municipalities, not for noble families (closed helmets were for aristocracy). The Ribbon: “SANCTI MARTIN” Latin for San Martín. This is a traditional way of writing town names in coats of arms. PALRA
Pin 135752 Laura_Pizarro_Jacinto Spain San Martín de Trevejo
Español (Spanish)
authorized informatory infrastructural operative regulatory top-down metal color size printed plastic information sign typeface fixed monolingual permanent other A3 – 1m² image-symbol-text complete sign authority
PALRA | Documenting Living Languages in Western Iberia SM | San Martín de Trevejo Corpus ID : 011 - 155752 Semiotic Resources (TS) / Composition (LL) : imagen+symbol+text (text + pictograms : playground equipment diagrams, prohibition icons, emergency icons, municipal crest) Translational Agency (TS) / Directedness (LL) : top-down (municipal authority, playground management company) Discursive Framing (TS) / Discourse (LL) : regulatory, infrastructural+informatory (safety, infrastructural) Translation Strategy (TS) / Distribution (LL) : monolingual Visibility / Linguistic Hierarchy (TS) / Dominance (LL) : colour (red for prohibitions, blue for information), typeface emphasis (bold capitals for rules, smaller for details), size Mobility (TS) / Dynamics (LL) : fixed (fixed sign) Sign Type (TS) / Form (LL) : information sign (safety and usage instructions) Textual Integrity (TS) / Integrity (LL) : complete (intact, legible) Intertextuality (TS) / Layering (LL) : other Multilingualism (TS) / Linguality (LL) : monolingual Material (TS) / Material (LL) : metal/plastic composite panel Inscription (TS) / Mode (LL) : printed Agents (TS) / Name (LL) : authority (municipal council) + business (el secretario, playground provider) Placement (TS) / Placement (LL) : sing (attached to playground structure/building) Size (TS) / Size (LL) : 3-1m² Status (TS) / Status (LL) : authorised (official safety signage) Paratext (TS) / Supplement (LL) : emergency phone numbers, company contact, municipal crest Temporality (TS) / Temporality (LL) : permanent (long-term infrastructure signage) Language Constellation (TS) / Languages (LL) : SPA (Spanish) Intersemiotic Elements (TS) / Non-Linguistic Semiotics (LL) : prohibition icons (red circles), pictograms of children, emergency cross, wrench icon for maintenance, municipal crest Translation Mode (TS) / Translation Mode (LL) : intersemiotic Translational Silencing (TS) / Absence Marker (LL) : Yes (A Fala and Extremaduran absent) Notes : This playground regulation sign combines dense textual instructions with pictographic prohibitions for clarity across literacy levels. While designed for public safety, its exclusive use of Spanish highlights the lack of inclusion of local minority languages in regulatory/infrastructural contexts, contrasting with bilingual street-naming practices elsewhere in the town. Additional info: Header: "EXCMO. AYTO. DE SAN MARTÍN DE TREVEJO" : Honourable Town Hall of San Martín de Trevejo Main section: "ÁREA DE JUEGOS INFANTILES" : Children’s play area Rules (all prohibitions in Spanish): "Prohibido la entrada de animales" : Animals not allowed "Prohibido jugar al balón" : Ball games prohibited "Prohibido el uso de bicicletas" : No bicycles "Prohibido comer dentro de la zona de juegos" : No eating inside the playground "Prohibido comer pipas" : No sunflower seeds "Prohibido pintar" : No painting or graffiti "Prohibido fumar" : No smoking "Utilice las papeleras" : Use the bins Usage guidelines: "Edad recomendada de uso" : Recommended age for use "Hasta 36 meses acompañados por un adulto" : Children up to 36 months must be accompanied by an adult Emergency numbers: "URGENCIAS 112" : emergency number Local police and municipal contacts appear in Spanish PALRA
Pin 135751 Laura_Pizarro_Jacinto Spain San Martín de Trevejo
Fala (Fala) Español (Spanish)
authorized informatory infrastructural operative regulatory top-down linguistic duplicating metal positioning enameled street sign fixed permanent bilingual A3 – 1m² complete symbol-text wall authority
PALRA | Documenting Living Languages in Western Iberia SM | San Martín de Trevejo Corpus ID : 010 - 155751 Semiotic Resources (TS) / Composition (LL) : symbol+ text (municipal crest) Translational Agency (TS) / Directedness (LL) : top-down (municipal authority) Discursive Framing (TS) / Discourse (LL) : infraestructural+informatory+regulatory (street naming, orientation) Translation Strategy (TS) / Distribution (LL) : duplicating (A Fala ↔ Spanish) Visibility / Linguistic Hierarchy (TS) / Dominance (LL) : positioning (A Fala on top, Spanish below, same typeface and size) Mobility (TS) / Dynamics (LL) : fixed (fixed plaque) Sign Type (TS) / Form (LL) : street sign Textual Integrity (TS) / Integrity (LL) : complete (legible and intact) Intertextuality (TS) / Layering (LL) : linguistic Multilingualism (TS) / Linguality (LL) : bilingual (A Fala + Spanish) Material (TS) / Material (LL) : metal Inscription (TS) / Mode (LL) : enamelled lettering Agents (TS) / Name (LL) : authority (municipal council) Placement (TS) / Placement (LL) : wall (mounted on building façade) Size (TS) / Size (LL) : A·-1m (small plaque) Status (TS) / Status (LL) : authorised (official signage) Paratext (TS) / Supplement (LL) : municipal crest (coat of arms) Temporality (TS) / Temporality (LL) : permanent Language Constellation (TS) / Languages (LL) : FAX (A Fala) + SPA (Spanish) Intersemiotic Elements (TS) / Non-Linguistic Semiotics (LL) : municipal crest Translation Mode (TS) / Translation Mode (LL) : interlingual (A Fala ↔ Spanish) Translational Silencing (TS) / Absence Marker (LL) : Yes (Extremaduran absent) Notes : This street sign illustrates municipal recognition of A Fala, with its placement above Spanish, reversing the usual hierarchy seen elsewhere. The inclusion of the municipal crest emphasises institutional authority, while the bilingual layout foregrounds the local language as primary in this context. PALRA
Pin 135750 Laura_Pizarro_Jacinto Spain San Martín de Trevejo
Fala (Fala) Español (Spanish)
authorized commercial informatory infrastructural top-down linguistic duplicating fragmentary metal color positioning size printed information sign fixed permanent bilingual 1m² – 4m² complete symbol-text sign authority
PALRA | Documenting Living Languages in Western Iberia SM | San Martín de Trevejo Corpus ID : 009 - 155750 Semiotic Resources (TS) / Composition (LL) : symbol-text (arrows, pictograms of accessibility, camera for tourism, rural accommodation logo) Translational Agency (TS) / Directedness (LL) : top-down (municipal authority, tourism board) Discursive Framing (TS) / Discourse (LL) : informatory+infraestructural+commercial Translation Strategy (TS) / Distribution (LL) : duplicating+fragmentary (Spanish ↔ A Fala in many cases; Spanish-only in others like “Casa Rural Las 6 Hermanas”) Visibility / Linguistic Hierarchy (TS) / Dominance (LL) : positioning (Spanish usually appears first, A Fala second); colour (yellow background for rural tourism signs), size Mobility (TS) / Dynamics (LL) : fixed (fixed signpost) Sign Type (TS) / Form (LL) : street sign / information sign (directional panels) Textual Integrity (TS) / Integrity (LL) : complete (all panels intact and legible) Intertextuality (TS) / Layering (LL) : linguistic Multilingualism (TS) / Linguality (LL) : bilingual / mixed (Spanish + A Fala; some Spanish-only) Material (TS) / Material (LL) : metal panels Inscription (TS) / Mode (LL) : printed / industrial signage Agents (TS) / Name (LL) : authority (municipal + regional tourism board) Placement (TS) / Placement (LL) : street sign (mounted pole in village centre) Size (TS) / Size (LL) : 1–4 m² (multiple stacked panels) Status (TS) / Status (LL) : authorised (official signage) Paratext (TS) / Supplement (LL) : none Temporality (TS) / Temporality (LL) : permanent Language Constellation (TS) / Languages (LL) : SPA (Spanish) + FAX (A Fala); some Spanish-only sub-panels Intersemiotic Elements (TS) / Non-Linguistic Semiotics (LL) : arrows, pictograms (pedestrian, camera, rural tourism logo, municipal crest Translation Mode (TS) / Translation Mode (LL) : interlingual (Spanish ↔ A Fala); non-translation in Spanish-only sub-panels Translational Silencing (TS) / Absence Marker (LL) : Yes (Extremaduran absent) Notes : This signpost is an example of partial bilingual signage: A Fala is included alongside Spanish for major heritage sites (church, Plaza Mayor, town hall), but excluded in others (private “Casa Rural Las 6 Hermanas”). The visual hierarchy always privileges Spanish, with A Fala in a secondary position. The inclusion of A Fala here is notable as institutional recognition, but it remains unevenly applied. PALRA
Pin 135749 Laura_Pizarro_Jacinto Spain San Martín de Trevejo
Español (Spanish)
authorized informatory infrastructural operative top-down color positioning size printed plastic information sign wood typeface fixed monolingual permanent other A3 – 1m² complete symbol-text sign authority
PALRA | Documenting Living Languages in Western Iberia SM | San Martín de Trevejo Corpus ID : 008 - 155749 Semiotic Resources (TS) / Composition (LL) : symbol text (hiking pictograms, horse rider icon, PR trail mark) Translational Agency (TS) / Directedness (LL) : top-down (institutional, tourism/heritage signage) Discursive Framing (TS) / Discourse (LL) : infraestructural+ informatory Translation Strategy (TS) / Distribution (LL) : monolingual Visibility / Linguistic Hierarchy (TS) / Dominance (LL) :size, typeface (bold uppercase text), positioning (text central, symbols lateral), colour Mobility (TS) / Dynamics (LL) : fixed(affixed signpost) Sign Type (TS) / Form (LL) : information sign (directional hiking panel) Textual Integrity (TS) / Integrity (LL) : complete (fully legible, though weathered) Intertextuality (TS) / Layering (LL) : none Multilingualism (TS) / Linguality (LL) : monolingual Material (TS) / Material (LL) : plastic panel mounted on wood Inscription (TS) / Mode (LL) : printed Agents (TS) / Name (LL) : authority(regional/national hiking or tourism authority) Placement (TS) / Placement (LL) :sign Size (TS) / Size (LL) : A3-1m (medium-sized panel) Status (TS) / Status (LL) : authorised (official trail signage) Paratext (TS) / Supplement (LL) : none Temporality (TS) / Temporality (LL) : permanent (long-term infrastructure) Language Constellation (TS) / Languages (LL) : SPA (Spanish) Intersemiotic Elements (TS) / Non-Linguistic Semiotics (LL) : pictograms of hikers, horse rider, PR trail logo Translation Mode (TS) / Translation Mode (LL) :intersemiotic ( icons+symbols: hiking, riding horse, etc..) Translational Silencing (TS) / Absence Marker (LL) : Yes (Extremaduran absent) Notes : This hiking sign integrates pictograms with text, combining linguistic and non-linguistic resources for international comprehensibility. While designed for accessibility to tourists, it is exclusively in Spanish, leaving local minority languages absent. The use of the PR (Pequeño Recorrido) mark situates the trail within a broader European hiking network, indexing institutional authority and standardisation. PALRA
Pin 135748 Laura_Pizarro_Jacinto Spain San Martín de Trevejo
Fala (Fala) Español (Spanish)
authorized informatory infrastructural operative top-down linguistic duplicating metal positioning printed information sign fixed permanent bilingual A3 – 1m² image-symbol-text complete post authority
PALRA | Documenting Living Languages in Western Iberia SM | San Martín de Trevejo Corpus ID : 007 - 155748 Semiotic Resources (TS) / Composition (LL) : symbol-text (parking “P” + arrow + municipal crest) Translational Agency (TS) / Directedness (LL) : top-down (municipal authority) Discursive Framing (TS) / Discourse (LL) : regulatory, informatory+infrastructural (parking instructions) Translation Strategy (TS) / Distribution (LL) : duplicating (Spanish fully translated into Extremaduran) Visibility / Linguistic Hierarchy (TS) / Dominance (LL) : positioning (Spanish on top, Extremaduran below); typeface = equal size/colour Mobility (TS) / Dynamics (LL) : fixed (fixed traffic sign) Sign Type (TS) / Form (LL) : information sign + regulatory (parking) Textual Integrity (TS) / Integrity (LL) : complete (legible, intact) Intertextuality (TS) / Layering (LL) : Linguistic Multilingualism (TS) / Linguality (LL) : bilingual Material (TS) / Material (LL) : metal Inscription (TS) / Mode (LL) : printed (industrial signage) Agents (TS) / Name (LL) : authority (municipal / local council) Placement (TS) / Placement (LL) : street sign (mounted roadside) Size (TS) / Size (LL) : A3-1 m² Status (TS) / Status (LL) : authorised (official signage) Paratext (TS) / Supplement (LL) : none Temporality (TS) / Temporality (LL) : permanent (infrastructure sign) Language Constellation (TS) / Languages (LL) : SPA (Spanish) + FAX ( A Fala) Intersemiotic Elements (TS) / Non-Linguistic Semiotics (LL) : “P” parking symbol, municipal crest, directional arrow Translation Mode (TS) / Translation Mode (LL) : interlingual (Spanish ↔ A fala) Translational Silencing (TS) / Absence Marker (LL) : yes Notes : This sign is significant as it represents institutional recognition of Extremaduran, rarely used in official signage. However, the placement hierarchy (Spanish above, Extremaduran below) reproduces symbolic dominance. The absence of A Fala is striking given the town’s linguistic ecology, highlighting competing policies of visibility for minority languages. PALRA
Pin 135747 Laura_Pizarro_Jacinto Spain San Martín de Trevejo
English (English) Español (Spanish)
commercial informatory operative bottom-up cultural mixing color paper positioning size printed poster typeface fixed event-related bilingual A3 – 1m² complete symbol-text public transport stop event festival
PALRA | Documenting Living Languages in Western Iberia SM | San Martín de Trevejo Corpus ID : 006 - 155747 Semiotic Resources (TS) / Composition (LL) symbol+text (logo with sun + typography) Translational Agency (TS) / Directedness (LL) : bottom-up (festival organisers, cultural association + promoters) Discursive Framing (TS) / Discourse (LL) : commercial+informatory Translation Strategy (TS) / Distribution (LL) : mixing Visibility / Linguistic Hierarchy (TS) / Dominance (LL) : colour (red background with fluorescent yellow text draws attention), size (performers’ names highlighted larger), typeface, position Mobility (TS) / Dynamics (LL) : fixed (affixed poster) Sign Type (TS) / Form (LL) : poster Textual Integrity (TS) / Integrity (LL) : complete (intact, legible) Intertextuality (TS) / Layering (LL) : cultural Multilingualism (TS) / Linguality (LL) : monolingual Material (TS) / Material (LL) : paper Inscription (TS) / Mode (LL) : printed Agents (TS) / Name (LL) : festival+event (Gata Sound) Placement (TS) / Placement (LL) : public transport stop Size (TS) / Size (LL) : A3–1 m² Status (TS) / Status (LL) : recognised (semi-authorised / tolerated event posters often pasted in shared public boards) Paratext (TS) / Supplement (LL) : none Temporality (TS) / Temporality (LL) : event-related (festival dates Aug 1–3, 2025) Language Constellation (TS) / Languages (LL) : SPA (Spanish)+ENG ( English) Intersemiotic Elements (TS) / Non-Linguistic Semiotics (LL) : festival logo (sun with mountain silhouette), QR code Translation Mode (TS) / Translation Mode (LL) : INTERLINGUAL (2 Languages) Translational Silencing (TS) / Absence Marker (LL) : Yes ( Extremaduran absent) Notes : This poster exemplifies how regional festivals use bold colour coding and typographic hierarchy (performers highlighted in fluorescent boxes) to organise visual attention. Despite being located in an A Fala-speaking town, the promotional discourse is exclusively in Spanish, marking a tension between local linguistic identity and wider commercial reach. The QR code introduces a digital extension, merging physical and online promotional ecologies. PALRA
Pin 135746 Laura_Pizarro_Jacinto Spain San Martín de Trevejo
English (English) Português (Portuguese) Español (Spanish)
recognized commercial informatory operative bottom-up mixing color paper quantity size printed poster typeface fixed event-related trilingual material A3 – 1m² image-text superimposed public transport stop event festival
PALRA | Documenting Living Languages in Western Iberia SM | San Martín de Trevejo Corpus ID : 005 - 155746 Semiotic Resources (TS) / Composition (LL) : image+text (photos of performers, bull, logos, symbols) Translational Agency (TS) / Directedness (LL) : bottom-up (commercial & cultural promoters) Discursive Framing (TS) / Discourse (LL) : commercial+ informatory (event-related) Translation Strategy (TS) / Distribution (LL) : mixing Visibility / Linguistic Hierarchy (TS) / Dominance (LL) :quantity+size+ typeface+colour (large, bold performer names dominate; background images secondary) Mobility (TS) / Dynamics (LL) : fixed (affixed to panel/board) Sign Type (TS) / Form (LL) : posters (concert + bullfighting + festival) Textual Integrity (TS) / Integrity (LL) : superimposed (readable posters, not significantly damaged) Intertextuality (TS) / Layering (LL) : material Multilingualism (TS) / Linguality (LL) : bilingual Material (TS) / Material (LL) : paper Inscription (TS) / Mode (LL) : printed Agents (TS) / Name (LL) : event- festival Placement (TS) / Placement (LL) : public transport stop Size (TS) / Size (LL) : A3–1 m² (main concert poster); smaller for side posters Status (TS) / Status (LL) : recognised (transgressive or semi-authorised (community posters often pasted informally) Paratext (TS) / Supplement (LL) : none Temporality (TS) / Temporality (LL) : event-related (concerts, festivals, bullfighting dates) Language Constellation (TS) / Languages (LL) : SPA (Spanish)+POR ( Portuguese)+ ENG ( English) Intersemiotic Elements (TS) / Non-Linguistic Semiotics (LL) : images of bull, performer photo, coloured festival map Translation Mode (TS) / Translation Mode (LL) : interlingual (3 languages) Translational Silencing (TS) / Absence Marker (LL) : Yes Extremaduran Notes : This cluster of posters highlights how public boards become contested semiotic spaces: overlapping inscriptions, competing for visibility. The commercial concert poster dominates visually, overshadowing smaller cultural and cross-border festival announcements. Despite being in San Martín de Trevejo (A Fala-speaking area, near Portugal), neither A Fala nor Portuguese are included, reinforcing the dominance of Spanish in event promotion. Additional Info: Poster 1 (left, black – “MORALEJA”) Language: Spanish (Castilian) Content: bullfighting schedule ("corrida de reses bravas", "novillada", "picadores") with names of toreros. Poster 2 (center – “Oro Viejo by DJ Nano”) Languages: Spanish and English "SÁBADO 16 AGOSTO 2025 DESDE LAS 22H" : Saturday, 16 August 2025, from 22h. (Spanish) Artists’ names appear in English/Spanish mix: e.g., "Rebeka Brown", "Raul Ortiz", "Abel The Kid", "Carlos Chaparro". Website: "sysevents.com" (English format). A mix of Spanish (date, time, location) and English (branding, event promotion), common in music and nightlife advertising in Spain. Poster 3 (bottom right – Feria Rayana) Languages: Spanish and Portuguese Spanish: "DEL 28 AL 31 DE AGOSTO 2025, MORALEJA" Portuguese: "FEIRA RAIANA" (fair between Spain and Portugal, "raiana" means “borderland”). PALRA